Regular Script : The Standard of Writing
Regular script , or Kaishu, represents the fully standardized form of Chinese writing that emerged during the late Han dynasty and achieved definitive form in the Tang period. The name suggests 'model' or 'standard' script—characters are clearly legible, strokes are precisely defined, and structure follows consistent rules. For beginners, regular script provides the essential foundation for all subsequent calligraphic study.
The evolution from clerical script to regular script involved gradual simplification and regularization. By the Tang dynasty, the transformation was complete, and masters like Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, and Ouyang Xun established stylistic models that defined the tradition for centuries.
The Tang Dynasty Masters
Yan Zhenqing (709-785) created a style of muscular breadth and dignified presence. His characters occupy space generously, with thick, substantial strokes and open structures. Yan's 'Duobao Pagoda Stele' , written in his early forties, offers a relatively accessible entry point for students, while his later 'Yan Family Temple Stele' demonstrates mature power.
Liu Gongquan (778-865) developed a contrasting style of lean precision. His strokes are controlled and disciplined, with characteristic 'sharp' endings that require precise brush technique. The 'Xuanmi Pagoda Stele' exemplifies his approach, with characters that seem carved from hard material.
Ouyang Xun (557-641) represents earlier Tang elegance, combining structural rigor with refined brushwork. His 'Jiucheng Palace' stele is considered the ultimate regular script model—every character achieves perfect balance, every stroke demonstrates technical mastery.
Technical Fundamentals
Regular script demands precise stroke order and direction. Each stroke type—horizontal, vertical, left-falling, right-falling, dot, hook—has defined beginning, middle, and ending movements. The 'eight principles of Yong' use the character 'yong' to demonstrate all fundamental strokes.
Structure refers to how strokes compose characters. Regular script follows strict compositional rules: balance left and right, distribute space evenly, maintain consistent character size. These principles create the clarity and legibility that define the style.
Brush control in regular script emphasizes 'centered tip' movement, keeping the brush point aligned with the stroke center. This creates rounded, three-dimensional strokes with 'silkworm head and swallow tail' characteristics in some traditions.
Learning Regular Script
Most teachers recommend starting with one Tang master's style rather than mixing different approaches. Yan Zhenqing's early work suits beginners seeking substantial, forgiving forms; Liu Gongquan challenges those with precise control; Ouyang Xun demands sophisticated understanding.
Initial practice uses large characters to develop arm and shoulder engagement. Grid paper helps maintain consistent sizing and proportion. Students copy model characters repeatedly, comparing their work to the original, gradually internalizing structural principles.
As skill develops, students progress to smaller sizes and eventually freehand writing without models. The goal is not merely reproducing ancient works but developing personal regular script that maintains traditional standards while expressing individual character.